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Continued from previous page, The Industrial Revolution
---------------------------
The American Civil War
April 12, 1861 - April 9, 1965
The
War Between the States
The War of Secession
The Union versus the Confederacy
North against South
Yankees against Rebels
Blue against Grey
The American Civil War was the biggest
and most destructive war in history before 1914.
American Civil War Timeline
1861-1865
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gfl6rHFUuQ&feature=related
Main
causes and issues of the war:
Slavery
Map shows the main source of slaves
to North America
1519 - 1870
Slave auction in he American colonies in the 1600s
Advertisement of a slave
sale at Ashley
Ferry outside Charleston, South Carolina
Poster announcing slave auction.
Pic of Slave auction poster
Slave branded with owner's mark.
Slave auction in 1861
The
U. S. had two very different social and economic systems. The northern states were industrial and the southern states were
agricultural.
The
economy of the south was dependent on slave labor, supplied mostly by Africans. The south wanted to retain slavery.
The
opponents of slavery, called "abolitionists", wanted to abolish slavery everywhere. They were mostly in the north. (Southerners
retorted by ridiculing
free northern
industrial workers as "wage slaves".)
States rights
are guaranteed by the U. S. constitution. Thus, a state has the right to decide matters that conern it on its own.
The southern states
reserved the right to decide for or against slavery on their own, without interference from the federal government in Washington,
D. C.
Abraham Lincoln, an abolitionist, was elected president
in 1860 and this provoked the secession of the southern states from the union.
The Hour
of Peril
The Secret Plot to Kill Lincoln before the Civil
War
Daniel Stashower
Smithsonian Magazine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xInVa4PnKg
The Civil War
1989 documentary
9 episodes
1. The Cause
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8374525609478249503
2. A Very Bloody
Affair
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5160719952322747305
3. Forever Free
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4284825845451252663
4. N. A.
5. The Universe
of Battle
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8455132265379036724
6. Valley of
the Shadow of Death
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=344821753217114288
7. N. A.
8. N. A.
9. N. A.
--------
Battle of Fort Sumter
Charleston, S. C.
April
12 - 14, 1861
The Road to Fort Sumter
Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdTZPeYDTug&feature=relmfu
-------------
Bull Run
First Battle
of Bull Run
or
First Manassas
Virginia
July 21, 1861
---------------
First clash of iron battleships
The Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack
or
The Battle of Hampton Roads
or
The Battle of Ironclads
Hampton Roads, Virginia
March
8 - 9, 1862
-------------
The Battle of Antietam
or
The Battle
of Sharpsburg
Maryland
September 17, 1862
Documentary
about the bloodiest battle of the Civil War
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hbHes7ksBw&feature=relmfu
-----------
Emancipation Proclamation
January 1, 1863
President Lincoln
proclaimed slaves in the ten rebellious states free.
The
first page of the five-page document drafted and signed by Abraham Lincoln on 22 September 1862 ordering the end of slavery
in the ten states in rebellion, effective 1 January 1863.
Slavery in the four states that were not in rebellion - Delaware,
Kentucky, Missouri and West Virginia - was to be determined by those states (until, eventually, the
13th Amendment to the US Constitution abolished slavery across the country on 18 December 1965).
Map shows the Confederate states, all with slavery, and Union states without slavery (blue)
and with slavery (red).
The Gettysburg Address
Discussion on the weekly BBC
radio programme In Our Time hosted by Melvyn Bragg
26 May 2016
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07c2w5j
-------------------
Sherman’s
March to the Sea
The
Savannah Campaign
Georgia
November 15 to December 21, 1864
Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8E6D9P9cjj0&feature=relmfu
---------------
Appomattox
The South surrenders
Gen.
Robert E. Lee, commander of Confederate armies, surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant, commander of Union armies, at Appomattox,
Virginia, April 9, 1865
General Grant, seated at centre, in blue
uniform, accepts the surrender of Gen. Lee, seated on the left, in grey.
The Appomattox Campaign
Documentary about the surrender of the Confederate army
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QssA-
PjsUTQ&feature=relmfu
Great Commanders of the Civil War
Documentary about Robert E. Lee
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_IIbBpUDy0&feature=relmfu
---------------
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln
Four parts
Part 1. The Making of a President 1860 - 1862
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bECXYZa3z7M
Part 2.The Pivotal Year 1863
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kosSZOAofM
Part 3. I Want to Finish this Job 1864
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZncwCUJZng
Part 4. Now He Belongs to the Ages 1865
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFrGOVbZH18
Abraham
Lincoln
Preserving
the Union
Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmurPGwvKik
Abraham Lincoln
American Mastermind
Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZWz4iPJZLg
Abraham Lincoln
Hollywood
movie (1930)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xHFlN-eGk4
Young Mr. Lincoln
Hollywood movie (1939)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJKWguqabUU
The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Washington,
D. C.
April
14, 1865
John Wilkes Booth, an actor and confederate, shoots
President Lincoln in the back of the head at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D. C.
The Assassination of President Lincoln
Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXyshykSu_0&feature=related
or
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXyshykSu_0
The Lincoln Assassination
Heritage Magazine documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_J9yj0iocE
''They've Killed President Lincoln!''
Documentary narrated by Richard Basehart
(1971) (50:33)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQHSBY7naMY
Lincoln Document Altered by Researcher at National Archives
Upload by National Archives in 2011
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKo8H9NN4nA
Lincoln’s Autocrat
The Life of Edwin Stanton
Lecture by William Marvel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uc6-62GybU
John Wilkes Booth
Documentary on the Biography series
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeVLcJgUiVk
Stealing Lincoln's Body
Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rr3ExkCR9PY
-------------
Lincoln Memorial
Washington, D. C.
Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial, 1939
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XF9Quk0QhSE&feature=related
Introductory
speech with Marian Anderson singing at the Lincoln Memorial Speech, 1939
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkPI0VKM4Fk&feature=related
------------------
Reconstruction
Add
---------------------
Invention of
the machine gun
Its
first use in warfare, as the Gatling gun in the American Civil War, 1861 - 1865
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vbLu5zyWs4
----------------
Chronicling
the Civil War
Matthew Brady
(1863)
Matthew
Brady's famous photos of the war
Treveling dark room in background
One of Matthew Brady's cameras
One of many photos by Brady and his assistants. Battle of Gettysburg.
Mathew Brady
Civil War Photographer
Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RtpNhDkTWw
The
Civil War and Reconstruction
1845
- 1877
(HIST 119)
27 lectures
by David W. Blight, Yale U., New Haven, Connecticut, Spring 2008
Begin here:
Lecture 1.
Introduction
Why does the Civil War Era have a hold on American historical imagination?
1. Introduction
2. Course Texts and Structure
3.
Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Promissory Note"
4. Books and the Purpose of History
5. Why Study the Civil War?
6. Whitman's
"Democracy" and Conclusion
You Tube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXXp1bHd6gI
Yale U.:
http://oyc.yale.edu/history/hist-119/lecture-1#transcript
Transcript:
http://oyc.yale.edu/transcript/542/hist-119
Lincoln's vice-president, Andrew Johnson,
succeeded Lincoln as president.
Andrew Johnson (1808 - 1875), president from 1865 to 1869.
Johnson purchased Alaska from the
Russians.
Ulysses
S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant) (1822 - 1885), U. S. president from 1869 to 1877.
General Grant commanded
the victorious Union Army in the Civil War (1861 - 1865).
Grant toured the
world after his presidency to meet heads of state.
--------
Napoleon III invades Mexico
1861
– 1867
The Second French Intervention in Mexico
The Maximilian Affair
The War of the French Intervention
The
Franco-Mexican War
Mexico could not pay
its French, British and Spanish creditors.
Mexico's president, Benito Juarez, wanted to delay payments for two years with
a moratorium on the payment of interest on loans.
France invaded Mexico.
France was backed by Britain and Spain.
The American president,
Abraham Lincoln, was occupied by the Civil War and could not enforce the Monroe Doctrine to stop France or help Mexico.
The French military
venture enouraged a revolt in Mexico against the liberal Mexican president, Benito Juarez.
Napoleon III installed Maximillian, a younger brother of the Austrian emperor, Franz Joesph I, as emperor of Mexico.
Juarez
Photo of Benito Juarez,
president of Mexico
(1858 - 1872)
Juarez
1939
Hollywood movie
Advertisernent/Preview
or
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZ7qIlD0ssU
and
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7or35dd0GA
Overture
La Paloma
Rosita Serrano (1939)
Movie (1:55:46)
Paul Muni, Claude Reins, Gale Sondergaard
- President Benito Juarez of Mexico
- General Porfino Diaz
- Napoleon III, Emperor of France
- Empress-Consort Eugenie
- Maximillian von Hapsburg, Emperor of Mexico
- Charlotte (Carlota), Empress of Mexico, daughter
of Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, first King of the Belgians
- Marshal Achille Bazaine of France, commander
of the French Expedition to Mexico
- Mexican Colonel Miguel López
- Mexican General Miguel Miramón
Emperor Maximillian I of Mexico (1864 - 1867) and Empress Charlotte. Charlotte
(1840 - 1827) was the daughter of King Leopold I of Belgium.
With the end of the American Civil War, the U. S. supported the Mexican resistance,
led by followers of Benito Juarez, and pressed Napoleon III to withdraw his troops.
The Fench withdrew in 1866.
Maximillian
(1832 - 1867) was captured, sentenced to death and executed with two supporting Mexican generals by the Mexican army in 1867.
The execution of Maximillian (centre) and Mexican generals Miguel Miramón and
Tomás Mejía in Santiago de Querétaro on 19 June 1867.
Sketch by François Aubert, who was present.
Carlotta, the Mad Empress
Movie 1939 (71 min.)
(Upload
repeats at end)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ND7tTWz_08o
- Napoleon III, Emperor of France
- Marshal Bazaine of France
- Maximillian I, Emperor of Mexico
- Carlotta, Empress of Mexico
- Colonel Lopez of Mexico
- President Benito Juarez of Mexico
- General Porfino Diaz of Mexico
- President of the United States Abraham Lincoln
Marche funèbre en mémoire de Maximilien, 1er empereur de Mexique
Composition by Franz Liszt (1867)
Angel
Recas, piano (2017
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLWAl0QLx6o
Last Emperor of Mexico
Documentary (44:15)
----------------
Chang and Eng
Siamese Twins
Chang and Eng Bunker were
born not far from the River Me Klong and the Gulf of Siam in Samut Songkhram, a province in central Siam, in May
1811 (?), the sons of a fisherman of Chinese descent and a woman of Chinese, Siamese and/or Malay descent.
Chang and Eng went to the United States in 1829. They settled in Massachusetts. They toured the British Isles
and the Continent.
They settled in North Carolina in 1839. They bought land and slaves. They
built homes. They became American citizens.
Chang and Eng married sisters in 1843. They had 21 children. They were
considered local aristocrats.
The Civil War ruined the twins. They toured Europe again to recover.
Chang and Eng Bunker (1811 - 1874)
Chang
and Eng Bunker with their wives and 18 of their 22 children.
Chang and Eng are buried in North Carolina.
Chang
and Eng have more than 1,500 descendants as of 2020. Most of them live in North Carolina.
Chang
and Eng Memorial, bronze statues erected in 2001 in Lat Yai, Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand
-----------------
Suez Canal
Satellite photos of the Suez Canal connecting
the Mediterranean Sea in the north with the
Red Sea in the south
The Suez Canal brought Bombay 5,000 miles closer to London. Ships would not have to sail around Africa to reach India.
Suez Canal opens in 1869. Ships in the canal.
Ships enter the Suez Canal (1869).
The Suez Canal Completed
1869
The Suez Canal
Episode friom the Modern Marvels documentary series
The same in French:
Le Canal de Suez
Documentaire
Le fabuleux destin des inventions
Le canal de Suez (1854 - 1869)
Second Empire
Focus sur Canal Académie d'Elodie Courtejoie avec historien Ahmed Youssef, le 16.11.2006
-----------------------
The Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia were
the largest and strongest of the numerous German countries in Europe. There were many small German states -
duchies, principalities, kingdoms, free cities - in central Europe.
The Holy Roman Empire from 962 - 1806.
1805 - Napoleon
Bonaparte defeated the Russians and Austrians at the Battle of Austerlitz.
Napoleon reduced 300 German states to 39. By the Treaty of the Confederation of the Rhine, the 39 German
states formed a confederation under the protection of Napoleon and left the Holy Roman Empire.
The Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II - Emperor of Austria,
Francis I - abdicated and the Holy Roman Empire ceased to exist.
Prussia declared war on France.
Napoleon marched into Prussia and crushed the Prussians at the Battles of Jena and Auerstedt (1806). Napoleon entered Berlin. Subsequently,
Prussia lost more than half of its lands by the Treaties of Tilsit in 1807.
Areas in
green and purple indicate Prussia before the Treaties of Tilsit in 1807, when Prussia lost the territories in green.
The map is incomplete. In 1707, the first
king of Prussia was invited by the Swiss town of Neufchatel to be its ruler. In 1807, Napoleon
forced the King of Prussia to give up Neufchatel and replaced him with one of his marshals. Napoleon ruled the European continent.
Napoleon lost most of his army in his retreat from Moscow in 1812.
He was defeated in the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig in 1813. He was defeated again at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
He abdicated and went into permanent exile.
The Congress of Vienna, 1815
The Congress of Vienna replaced the dead Holy Roman Empire with
the German Confederation of 39 German states, including parts of Austria and Prussia, with Austria as its leader,
and marked a border between Austria and Prussia.
The German Confederation in 1815 is indicated in dark green. The
capital was in Frankfurt. German areas outside the confederation are indicated in light green.
The Congress of Vienna restored to Prussia most of the land it lost in 1807 and gave it additional land and population.
Source: Tacitus.NU
 Prussia in 1807, after its defeat by Napoleon
 Prussia after the Congress of Vienna in 1815  The German Confederation, created by the Congress of Vienna in
1815, included most of Prussia and parts of Austria.
The orange area
in the white space is the Swiss principality of Neufchatel. After Napoleon's defeat In 1814, Neufchatel invited the king to
return. In 1815, Neufchatel became a canton within the Swiss Confederation but remained a Prussian principality.
The
Revolutions of 1848
Only
the serfs benefited from the Revolutions on 1848. Serfdom was outlawed in Austria, Prussia and the German Confederation.
Prussia lost the Swiss principality of Neufchatel, which Prussian
kings
had ruled since 1707, when its populace voted to become a republic
within the Swiss Federation in 1848. The King of Prussia protested but eventually renounced his claim in 1857.
Bismarck
Otto
Eduard Leopold von Bismarck-Schönhausen; Otto Eduard Leopold Fürst von (Prince of) Bismarck, Herzog zu (Duke or Count of) Lauenburg;
or Otto von Bismarck (1815 - 1898), The Iron Chancellor.
Lawyer in Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) and Potsdam
Appointed member of the Lower House of the Prussian
Legislature (1847 - 51) Elected member of the Lower House of the Prussian Legislature (1849
- 51)
Appointed Prussian representative
to the failed Erfurt Union Parliament (1850)
Appointed
Prussian envoy to the German Confederation Diet in Frankfurt (1851 - 1858)
Prussian
ambassador to Russia (1858/9 - 1862)
Prussian ambassador to France (1862)
Appointed Prime Minister of Prussia (1862 - 1873
and 1873 - 1890)
Prussian Foreign Minister (1862
- 1890)
Chancellor of the North German
Confederation (1867 - 1871)
Chancellor of the German Empire
(1871 - 1890)
Unification of German states
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T5iW3sJE7kk&feature=related
The First Schleswig War
1848 - 1851
The Schleswig - Holstein
War
The Three Years War
The Duchy of Schleswig contained more Danes than Germans, especially in its northern half, and many Danes wanted
Schleswig to join Denmark. Germans wanted Schleswig and the Duchy of Holstein, the latter mostly German, to join the
German Confederation.
When it appeared the Germans could gain control of Schleswig, the Danes in Schleswig took up arms.
The subsequent fighting involved the Duchies of Schleswig
and Holstein, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Prussia, the Russian Empire, the German Confederation, Sweden, and Britain.
The fighting ended in a truce and without a settlement.
The Second Schleswig War
The Schleswig War
The German - Danish War
1 February - 30 October 1864
18 November 1863 - The King of Denmark signed a new constitution, uniting
Schleswig with Denmark.
Bismarck prompted the German Confederation to occupy Holstein.
14 January 1864 - Prussia and Austria decided to attack Denmark. The German Confederation objected.
16 January 1864 - Bismarck issued an ultimatum to Denmark to abolish its
constitution.
1 February 1864 - Austrian and Prussian armies invaded Schleswig.
18 February - Prussians occupied a Danish town across the border.
14 July - Prussians occupied the entire Jutland Peninsula.
1 August - The King of Denmark signed a peace treaty and gave up Schleswig and Holstein to Prussia and Austria.
30 October 1864 - Treaty of Vienna - Denmark ceded
Schleswig and Holstein to Austria and Prussia.
August 1866 - Gastein Convention
By an agreement, arranged by Bismarck in Bad Gastein in the Austrian Alps, Austria received control of Holstein and Prussia received control of Schleswig.
Most
Europeans countries, including members of the German Confederation, objected to the Gastein Convention.
A German Confederation
Navy would be created with a Baltic port at Keil in Holstein to be built by the Prussians, who would
have sovereignty over it. 
Above are two maps of Denmark: on the
left, Denmark from 1864 to 1920 and, on the right, from 1920 to the present.
1918 - After the defeat of Germany in the Great War (1914 - 1918) a
plebiscite in northern Schleswig, which is predominantly Danish, reunited that part of Schleswig with Denmark.
14 June – 22 July 1866
The Seven Weeks' War
The Unification War
The War of 1866
The Fraternal War
The German War
The Third Italian War
of Independence
1 June 1866 - Austria placed the matter of Holstein before the German Confederation. Prussia objected.
10
June - Prussian troops entered Holstein.
Between Austria and Prussia, Austria had the larger army. The Prussians had not fought a major battle
since the Napoleonic Wars.
But Prussia had Italy as an ally. Italy, intent of regaining the region of Venetia (Venice is its capital) in north-eastern Italy, which had
been part of the Austrian Empire since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, allied with Prussia and compelled the Austrians
to create a southern front.
Venetia is indicated in red.
The Battle of Königgrätz
3 July 1866
The King of Prussia, Wilhelm I, Bismarck and General
Helmuth von Molkte survey the battle. Painting by Georg Bleibtreu
(1869?).
The
Prussians won the battle.
22 July - Armistice
26 July - Peace agreed
Prussia annexed Holstein and Schleswig -
and Hanover,
Hesse-Kassel, Nassau, Frankfurt and parts of Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt (Upper Hesse).
23 August 1866 - The Peace of Prague
- End of the Austro-Prussian War.
The German Confederation was dissolved.
The North German Confederation
in 1867
10
August 1866 - The North German Confederation, with King Wilhelm of Prussia as its king and Berlin
as its capital, was created by a Treaty. Bismarck was its chancellor.
The North German Confederation included Prussia, Saxony, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach, Anhalt, Brunswick, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen,
Lippe, Reuss-Gera, Reuss-Greiz, Schaumburg-Lippe, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Waldeck-Pyrmont, Bremen,
Hamburg and Lübeck.
Wurttemberg, Baden, Bavaria and Southern Hesse did not join.
Austria did not join the Confederation.
Austria and Hungary formed the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1867.
--------------------
Revolution in Spain in 1868
and
the Spanish Succession in 1870
An army led by revolutionary generals defeated the army of Queen Isabella of Spain in 1868.
Queen Isabella fled Spain for exile
in France. In June 1870, Isabella abdicated.
A provisional government
was formed in Spain. A regent was appointed by the Cortes as the government searched for a new monarch.
One possible candidate was the German Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, formerly King
of Portugal. Ferdinand declined the offer.
The Spanish government offered the
crown to the Prussian Prince Leopold of the House of Hohenzollern, the ruling dynasty in Prussia.
The Prussian chancellor, Otto von
Bismarck, backed the offer.
Opposed to an increase of Prussian influence in Europe and concerned about the possibility of an alliance
of Spain with Prussia, Louis Napoleon, Emperor of the French, opposed the candidacy of Prince Leopold.
Leopold withdrew.
The French Foreign Minister instructed
the French ambassador to Prussia to obtain a promise from King Wilhelm of Prussia that a Hohenzollern would never take the
throne of Spain.
The ambassador met the king in Bad Ems, where the king was vacationing.
Wilhelm refused to make such a guaranty.
A
telegram was sent from Bad Ems to Bismarck, informing him of the French demands and the king's refusal.
Bismarck passed the telegram to the
press.
The French were outraged by the press reports of the Prussian refusal.
The French Assembly voted for war preparations.
The
French government declared war on Prussia on 19 July.
Franco-Prussian War
19 July 1870
- 10 May 1871
French
armies invaded Germany and pushed back German border defences.
The
Germans countered and the French withdrew into France.
The
Army of the Rhine, under Marshal Bazaine, withdrew to the town of Metz. The Germans encircled the town and placed it under
siege. The French were unable to break out.
The Army of Chalons, led
by the Emperor, Louis-Napoleon, and Marshal MacMahon, marched to relieve the Army of the Rhine in Metz.
The Battle of Sedan
1 - 2 September 1870
On the way to Metz, the
Army of Chalons was cut off and trapped about the
fortress of Sedan by the armies of Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony. Attempts to beak out failed. The Prussians shelled
the fortress and surrounding areas. MacMahon was wounded.
Louis-Napoleon, Napoleon III, Emperor of the French, in Sedan
on 1 September 1870.
In
the evening of 1 September Louis-Napoleon ordered the white flag of truce raised above the fortress.
A
French general waves white flag atop the gates of Sedan.
French
General Reille delivers a letter of surrender from Napoleon III to King William I at Sedan on the evening of 1 September 1870.
Painting by Carl Steffeck in 1884.
The Prussian Chancellor,
Bismarck, accepted the letter.
On the following day, 2 September, Louis-Napoleon and the Army of
Chalons surrendered.
On the morning of 2 September 1870 - after the Battle of Sedan and Louis-Napoleon's surrender -
the Emperor of the French was conducted to Otto von Bismarck, German chancellor, in Donchery. Painting by Wilhelm Camphausen in 1878.
 Napoleon III, on the left, presents his sword in surrender to King Wilhelm of Prussia, centre, at the Château de Bellevue,
near Frénois, in Sedan, in the afternoon of 2 September 1870. Painting circa 1875.
French prisoners
of war after the Battle of Sedan, 2 September 1870. More than 100,000 soldiers surrendered.
On the following day, 3 September, Louis-Napoleon was taken
to Kassel to wait out the war in captivity.
Louis-Napoleon's surrender did not end the war. Louis-Napoleon
told Bismarck that since he had surrendered he was no longer emperor and cold not negotiate terms. French
armies fought on.
Franco-Prussian
War
1870 -1871
- Germany defeats France and becomes the dominant
military power on the Continent;
- Emperor Louis-Napoleon (Napoleon III) surrenders to the Prussians and
the French proclaim the Second Republic.
La guerre
de 1870 .
8
parties
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgzHeDApXEY&list=PLx0hYD1JPK2yUzIR7nOxC7NC6kqECOaxP
ou ou 1. Les Causes
2. L'armée
prussienne en 1870
3.
1. L'armée française - le recrutement
3. 2. L'armée française - les tentatives de réforme du recrutement
4.
1. Retour sur une génération d'officiers français
4. 2. Retour
sur une génération d'officiers français (suite)
5.
Le plan français en 1870
6. Les combats de l'armée impériale
7. La guerre de la République
8. Les conséquences
Franco - Prussian War 1870 - 1871
Documentary (2007)
The same in 4 clips:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVsYG_fkwL4&feature=related
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=feDfgz6-Llw&feature=related
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qSYN67aguUs&feature=related
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDBsHLbGqBw&feature=related
La Bataille decisive
de Sedan
1 - 2 Septembre 1870
3 different uploads of same film:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPi2KkTQ814
ou
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRTU_Ujb9-I
ou
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gb7WDfVagE
In the National Assembly, in Paris, on 4 September 1870, Leon Gambetta,
a prominent assemblyman, proclaimed the deposition of Louis-Napoleon and the end of the Second Empire (1852 - 1870). .
Later that day, from a window of the City Hall of Paris, Gambetta proclaimed the restoration
of the Republic and the formation of a provisional Government of National Defense.
. Other cities in France followed
with similar proclamations.
. By 19 September, Paris was
surrounded by Prussian troops and under siege. .
The provisional Government
of National Defense remained in Paris. Government ministers went to Tours. The National Assembly moved to Bordeaux. .
. Gambetta, Minister of Interior
and Minister of War in the provisional government, fled Paris for Tours in a balloon, from Montmarte, on 7 October 1870.
.
From Tours, Gambetta tried
to direct the war against the Prussians.
Marshal Bazaine, the commander of the Army of the Rhine, trapped
in Metz, maintained to the Prussians that he required orders from Empress Eugénie, who had fled to London, to surrender and
agree to terms. An envoy was sent to London, returned to France and joined Gambetta in Tours. Metz held out till 27 October
1870.
Paris remained under siege
from late September 1870 to late January 1871.
.
La guerre de 1870 et la chute de Napoléon
III
Second Empire
Au
cœur de l’histoire avec Franck Ferrand sur Europe 1
émission
du 22 juin 2011
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krXb4XK0ZVg
The
Franco-Prussian War
Animation shows German thrust into
France from 1870 to 1873
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxzTg2Ge9SA
Franco - Prussian War
1870 - 1871
3-Minute History
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl2_7Gaf0yE
January 1871 -
Yellow area = France under German occupation
Grey area = French and German armies at war
Léon Gambetta, le grand fondateur de la République
Au cœur de l'histoire
Franck Ferrand
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hA0KriwxMiY
-----------
.
The Proclamation of the German Empire
- The unification of the German states - The founding of the German Empire and - The crowning of King Wilhelm of Prussia as German Emperor (Kaiser)
Hall of Mirrors - Gallerie des Glaces, Palace of Versailles
- Palais de Versailles
. 18
January 1871
The proclamation of Prussian King Wilhelm I as German Emperor (Kaiser)
in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. A black and white photo of the 1877 painting (first version) by Anton von Werner.
The proclamation of Prussian King Wilhelm I as German
Emperor (Kaiser) at Versailles painted by
Anton von Werner (third version), commissioned by the Prussian royal family for the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck in
1885. .
Bismarck, in white uniform, is
standing in the centre of the painting. .
Kaiser Wilhem,
on the left, in the second version of the painting by Anton von Werner, in 1882.
The Government of National Defense in Paris surrendered on 28 January 1871. .
Otto von Bismarck, German chancellor, and Jules Favre,
representing the French Government of National Defense, sign an armistice
in Versailles on 28 January 1871.
Area in grey shows
the German Empire and German-occupied France on 28 January 1871.
France accepted the loss of Alsace and Lorraine to Prussia and agreed also
to pay an indemnity.
Prussian troops left Paris on 28 February 1871. Prussian
troops remained in Alsace and Lorraine.
-----------------
In France, the Third Republic, proclaimed on 4 September 1870, held its first elections for a one-house National
Assembly on 8 February 1871.
Royalists won a majority of seats. The monarchy was to
be restored. The Legitimists supported Henri, Comte de Chambord, grandson of Charles X. The Orleanists supported Philippe,
Count of Paris, grandson of Louis-Philippe. The two parties
agreed that the childless Henri could be king and Philippe his heir. The Orleanists backed Henri. The National Assembly
invited Henri to take the throne, as Henri V.
Henri wanted to replace the French
tri-colour flag - the flag of the French Revolution, Napoleon and Louis-Philippe -
with the white flag of Louis XVIII and Charles X as the national flag of France. The people would not allow it.
Thus, a republican government was formed.
Popular support for monarchy faded. The monarchy was never restored.
There remained
Legitimist, Orleanist and Bonapartist pretenders to the throne.
-----------------
. . . The Paris Commune -
La Commune
18 March 1871 - 28 May 1871
The Commune was a revolutionary
socialist government of Paris from 18 March 18 to 28 May 1871
.
La
commune de Paris, 1871
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVBMTTBOUto
The Paris Commune and its Legacy
Lecture # 2 by John Merriman from the course France Since 1871 (HIST 276, Fall 2007, Yale U.)
- The Paris Commune in its historical
context: Napoleon III and the Franco-Prussian War
- The Siege of Paris
- The Fall of France and the
formation of the Paris Commune
- Composition of the Commune:
Tensions between urban and rural France
- The state strikes back:
The Massacre of the Paris Commune
You Tube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clDZl40CJik
Yale U.:
Transcript:
Paris Commune of 1871
John Merriman
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2TmX_ZIqXI
La commune de Paris 1871
Henri Guillemin (1971) .
13 parties (06:17:21)
. son sans images
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwXwDp3Ze7Q
son et images (4 et 11 sont répétées)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCOnopsrXWQ&list=PLuGCvCBDcMVolRdiYH4uQ9IJA1Zfun6yu
La semaine sanglante (13 parties)
1. Situation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCOnopsrXWQ
2. M. Thiers
. 3. Il faut en finir
4. Le
18 mars
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaBSCgeam7g
5. L'avant Commune
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XJpYibKMXA
6. Cependant qu'à Versailles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sogIexaI8GQ
7. La
Commune au pouvoir
(I)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mevFdfyttpo
8. La Commune au pouvoir (II)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIXkGHPk-9Y
9. La "vraie France" en action
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fDdw5D_35w
10. La croisade
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRRAiw23dLA
11. La victoire des honnêtes
gens
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8EtjyPKZZ8A
12. Le fonds des choses
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fy2OKW4tDYo
13. Lendemains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uuHvTjkeQz0
The International
A poem written in French by Eugène
Pottier (1816 - 1887), a member of the Paris Commune, in June 1871, to be sung to the tune of La Marseillaise.
A melody was composed for the poem
by Pierre De Geyter (1848 - 1932) and played in 1888.
All six original stanzas sung in French with an English
translation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kB9wELkGn9c
.
Troops
of the French National Guard executed communards for five days in May 1871.
1871 .
The Ruins
of Paris
Lecture by Peter Brooks at the Library of Congress in Washington, D. C. on 2 June 2016
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmjDUVVDYbE .
.
The Siege of Paris 1870 - 1871
Discussion on the weekly Thursday BBC radio programme
In Our Time hosted by Melvyn Bragg
With
guests Karine Varley, Robert Gildea and Julia Nicholls
16
January 2020
----------------
The Treaty of Frankfurt
Frankfurt,
Germany
10 May 1871
French and German representatives
discuss
the Treaty in Frankfurt. Jules
Favre represented France.
Alsace
and Lorraine ceded to Germany
New
Franco-German border
L'occupation de l'Alsace-Lorraine
1870 - 1918
Guerre franco-allemande
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLB5OZlfNtA
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Krx4xTuDxY4
Marshal Bazaine was made a scapegoat for the loss of the war.
L'affaire
Bazaine Henri Guillemin (1962) 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGCyS1D-sEA 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3y45DkKiQyE 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bd5bFfTZQSg
Prussia in 1862; North German Confederation
1866 - 1867; South German Confederation; Alsace-Lorraine 1871
Map of Europe after the Franco-Prussian
War of 1870 - 1871. (Zoom in to view details.)
Bismarck
1940 German movie (1:49:31)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfAnJ9o1CxE
With English sub-titles (repeats at end)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxBEX-VFbCw
Otto
von Bismarck
Reportage
(42:40) .
Geschichte .
Mittledeutschlands
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zb9yuEBDS0Q Otto von Bismarck
.
Kanzler und Dämon
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaLVWMKYdjw
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_eEPUqa5pkY
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MOkcqNQK3Y
4.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noMqBmVjrm0
oder
Bismarck
Kanzler und Dämon
1.
Vom Landjunker zum Regierungsgründer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgsFkvcDBjw 2. Regierungsgewalt und Machtverlust
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_mMrnkx0oY
Bismarck und das Deutsche Reich .
Die Deutschen (09)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tyeu2Z_p9sM
The Case of Otto Von Bismarck
Personality and Power Interview with Jonathan Steinberg, author of Bismark:
A Life, at the National History Center, American Historical Association (2011)
Uploaded by the Council on Foreign
Relations (2011) (59:39)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Xie5_WJD5E
Lecture
New York Society Library (2011) (1:09:08) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIDQNy854Xg
Lecture
Kansas City Library (2012) (50:39)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pw47NhDR4zw
Bismarck
Discussion on the
weekly Thursday BBC radio programme In Our Time hosted by Melvyn Bragg
With
Richard J. Evans, Christopher Clark and Katharine Lerman
22 March 2007
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00775pm
L’unification
de l’Allemagne (1850-1871)
Carte animée (5:32)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Km6NHq6K_ps
The Rise and Fall of Austria and Prussia
Animated
map
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FdpuTqZC8t8
---------------
Louis-Napoleon was held captive in a castle near Kassel until Bismarck released him
on 19 March 1871.
Louis-Napoleon
chose to live in exile with Empress Eugénie
and the Prince Imperial in England. He arrived on 20 March 1871.
Louis-Napoleon and his family resided in Chistlehurst, near London, where Louis-Napoleon died on 9 January
1873.
 Photo
of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte (1808 - 1873) in England in 1872.
Louis, Prince Napoleon; Napoleon,
Prince Imperial; Napoleon IV (1856 - 1879), the only child of Emperor Louis-Napoleon and Empress Eugénie; British army lieutenant,
killed in an ambush by Zulus in South Africa in the Zulu War in 1879.
Empress
Eugénie of France (1826 - 1920) with her goddaughter
Queen Victoria Eugénie of Spain, in Spain c. 1920 St.
Michael's Abbey in Farnborough, Hampshire, England.
Initially, the sarcophagi of
Louis Napoleon and the Prince Imperial lay in the Catholic Church of St. Mary's in Chistlehurst.
Empress Eugénie built St. Michael's
Abbey, a Benedictine monastery and a chapel with a mausoleum for the Imperial Crypt, in Farnborough, Hampshire, England. The sarcophagi of Louis Napoleon
and the Prince Imperial were transferred from Chistlehurst to the Imperial Crypt in 1888.
Napoleon III, Empress
Eugénie and Louis, Prince Imperial, are in three sarcophagi
in the Imperial Crypt in St. Michael's Abbey.
Five Minutes of History
History Guy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVh-qJjFSAQ
L'autre
avant-guerre 1871-1914
Henri Guillemin
1. L'ordre moral
2. La République des républicains
---------------
"Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"
Henry Morton Stanley greets Dr. David Livingstone in
the town of Ujiji on the shores of Lake Tanganyika on 10 November 1871. "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" An illustration from
Stanley's 1872 book How I Found Livingstone.
Dr. Livingstone, I Presume
Episode from
the documentary series In Search of History (42:28)
Journey to the Heart of Africa
Dr. David Livingstone & Stanley
Episode from the documentary series The Great Adventurers
(57:05)
Invention of the Telephone
1875 - 1876
The
Telephone
Documentary film from the series Inventions that changed the world
Who really invented
the telephone - and how and when? Money, politics . . .
(Just the first 40 minutes
are interesting)
The Invention of the Telephone
Alexander
Graham Bell
Cartoon
Watson Describes Invention
of Telephone by Bell
Telephone History:
"Far
Speaking"
AT&T
film (1935)
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