20. Mid-1700s - early 1900s
The Industrial Revolution
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20. Mid-1700s - early 1900s The Industrial Revolution |
|
||
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------
The Industrial Revolution
Lecture # 8 by John Merriman from the course European Civilization,
1648-1945 (HIST 202), Yale U., Fall 2008 - Industrialization as an Intensification of Existing Forms
of Production - The English Catalysts: The Agricultural Revolution and
Increasing Urban Populations - Women's Work in the Industrial Revolution - The Rise of Class Consciousness - Industrial Discipline and the Rise of the Foreman https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JX0uusVkJcI Yale U. site: http://oyc.yale.edu/history/hist-202/lecture-8 Transcript: http://oyc.yale.edu/transcript/577/hist-202
Episode # 87 of the documentary series Great Moments in Science and Technology
------------
Electric light
1802
First electric light bulb - by Humphrey Davy, 1802
------------ Spanish-American
colonies gain Independence The Peninsula
War
1807
- 1814
Napoleon
invades Spain 1808
- French and Spanish armies invade Portugal (1807).
- French armies attack Spanish armies (1808). - Napoleon deposes the Bourbon monarchy of Spain and installs his elder brother, Joseph Bonaparte, as
king (1808 - 1813).
A
short description over a map https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=db36E0UMHgU&feature=relmfu From colonies to independent countries (to the present day). Latin America today. Simon Bolivar Liberator of Ecuador (1809), Colombia (1810),
Venezuela (1811) and
Bolivia (1825) Simon Bolivar (1783 - 1830) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTWuE_Lsr1s or, the same: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-mTsXMpsHY Vice-Royalty of New Granada (1717 - 1821) Gran Columbia (1819 - 1831) Ecuador, Gran Columbia and Venezuela ----------- San Martin Liberator of Argentine (1816) Chile (1818) and
Peru (1821) José de San Martin (1788 -1850) Bolivar and San Martin doc. (2 clips) 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xm0DFeiavCQ 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CI3aypfNWw&feature=relmfu https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tB_4O5G8TxQ Bernardo
O'Higgins Liberator of Chile (1818) Bernardo O'Higgins ----------- Argentine 1816 add here Brazil 1822 add here --------- New Spain in North Amerca Louisiana -
France claimed Louisiana as a district of New France in 1682. New France
before 1713. New France
(light blue); British colonies (light purple); land ceded by France to Britain in 1713 (purple); and Spain (light orange) in 1750. -
France secretly ceded Louisiana to Spain in 1762, at the end of the Seven Years War (Fench & Indian Wars) - and formally
by the Treaty of Paris is 1763.
France ceded most of New France to Britain. The Vice-Royalty of New Spain in 1803. (The date of 1810 is incorrect.) -
Spain agreed to return Louisiana
to France in 1800. - Spain formally ceded
Louisiana to France in 1803. - Napoleon Bonaparte sold Louisiana to the United States, three
weeks later, in 1803. The Vice-Royalty of New Spain in 1819. Map of North America in 1819 shows Mexico, the British colony of Canada, and the United States. . -
The Missouri Territory was created from Louisiana in 1812. . -
Britain and the U. S. shared the Oregon Territory untill 1846, when the northern border of the U. S., as shown on the map, was
agreed. . - Spain ceded
Florida to the U. S. in 1821. The Vice-Royalty was governed by a Spanish vice-roy from Mexico City.
Mexican War of Independence
from Spain 1810 - 1821 La Independencia de México https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuZMEek1pJg&feature=related Santa Ana Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794 – 1876) General Antonio
López de Santa Anna https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NU2Ig6PFVzA&feature=related From Independence to the Alamo Episode
2 of the documentary Mexico https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyZ0FzJ73n4 Mexico in
1824
James Monroe, standing, discusses the Monroe Doctrine with his cabinet
in 1823. On the far left is John Quincy Adams. President Monroe's annual message to Congress in 1823
The American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers . . . Of events in that [European] quarter of the globe, with which we have so much intercourse and from which we derive our origin, we have always been anxious and interested spectators. The citizens of the United States cherish sentiments the most friendly in favor of the liberty and happiness of their fellow-men on that side of the Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers in matters relating to themselves we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with our policy so to do . . . With the movements in this hemisphere we are of necessity more immediately connected, and by causes
which must be obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers. The political system of the allied powers [of Europe] is
essentially different in this respect from that of America. This difference proceeds from that which exists in their respective
Governments; and to the defense of our own, which has been achieved by the loss of so much blood and treasure,
and matured by the wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under which we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this whole
nation is devoted.
We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States
and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any
portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.
With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and we shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintained
it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition
for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than is the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition
toward the United States . . .
Our policy in regard to Europe . . . remains the same, which is not to interfere in the internal
concerns of any of its powers . . . to cultivate friendly relations with it, and to preserve those relations
by a frank, firm and manly policy . . .
It is still the true policy of the United States to leave the parties [of Latin America] to themselves,
in the hope that other powers will pursue the same course . . .
-------------
Invention
of photography
First
photograph
"La cour du domaine du Gras" - first photo, by Nicéphore Niépce in Saint-Loup-de-Varennes in France, 1826
First camera
World's
Oldest Photographs and other Photographic Firsts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3LkaFCa29mQ
The Invention of Photography Discussion on the weekly BBC radio programme
In Our Time hosted by Melvyn Bragg on 7 July 2016
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07j699g
---------------- 1830
The
July Revolution - La révolution de Juillet
The Three Glorious Days - Les Trois Glorieuses 27, 28, 29 July 1830 During
the French Revolution (1789 - 1799), the National Convention, a universally elected one-house assembly, abolished monarchy and proclaimed a Republic in 1792. The Convention created the Committee of Public Safety as
a provisional government. The Convention voted to condemn the deposed king, Louis XVI, and
he was guillotined on 21 January 1793. His
son, who would have been Louis XVII, died in prison at age ten in 1795.
By
a new constitution in 1795, the Convention was replaced by a two-house legislature with a popularly elected lower house, the
Council of the 500 (members), and an indirectly elected upper house, the Council of the Ancients (250 elder citizens), and
a five-man executive, called the Directory, selected by the 500 and approved by the Ancients. Napoleon Bonaparte,
with the assistance of his brothers Joseph and Lucien, overthrew the Directory by a coup d'état in 1799 and
replaced it with a three-man Consulate. Napoleon ruled France as the First Consul from 1799 to 1804 and ruled western
Europe and much of eastern Europe as Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1814 and in 1815. Napoleon replaced the Chamber of 500 and Chamber of Ancients with the Conservative Senate - Sénat conservateur
- a large advisory body, in 1799. He appointed its members. Napoleon was defeated by the Allies in the Battle of Leipzig in 1813. He was unable to recover and the
Allies invaded France in March 1814. Napoleon's former chief advisor, Talleyrand, persuaded
the Senate to form a provisional government. Talleyrand was elected president of the government on 1 April. Czar Alexander of Russia and Talleyrand prompted the Senate to depose Napoleon. On 2 April 1814, the Senate proclaimed the Emperor's Demise Act - Acte de déchéance
de l'Empereur. Napoleon's abdication on 4 April, in favour of his son
as Napoleon II, was rejected by the Czar. Napoleon abdicated without conditions on 6 April. On 11 April, Napoleon agreed with the Allies, by the Treaty of Fontainbleau, to his exile to the island of
Elba, off the coast of Tuscany. The Senate invited the Count of Provence,
Louis, the brother of Louis XVI, to assume the throne as Louis XVIII, King of France. Louis rejected the constitution
and dissolved the Senate. The Czar and the Allied armies occupying Paris required
Louis to draft a constitution. Louis drafted the Charter of 1814 for a constitutional monarchy
including a bicameral legislature with a lower house, the Chamber of Deputies, elected indirectly by an elected Electoral
College, and an upper house, the Chamber of Peers, appointed by the King. Louis
reneged on much of the Charter. Napoleon left
Elba on 25 February 1815 and returned to France. He gathered a large army. Many soldiers defected from Louis XVIII to
join Napoleon. Marshal Ney, whose troops guarded Paris, defected to Napoleon. Louis XVIII fled.
Napoleon reached Paris on 20 March and reclaimed the throne as Emperor of the French.
Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June, withdrew to France, and abdicated on 22 June.
He surrendered to the British at Rochefort on 15 July. He
was taken to permanent exile on the British island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic. The Congress of Vienna and the Allied armies restored Louis XVIII to the throne. Louis XVIII died in 1824. Louis' younger brother, Charles, the Count of Artois
(1757 - 1836), assumed the throne as King Charles X of France. King Charles X of France (1824 - 1830) Louis XVIII had
foregone the coronation ceremony but Charles was coroneted in a ceremony in Paris in 1825. In 1830, Charles appointed a conservative premier and government. The premier was defeated in elections for the legislature.
On 6 July 1830, Charles suspended the constitution and dissolved the Chambers
- the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies, and the upper house, the Chamber of Peers, Chambre des Pairs. He
censored the press. Rioting broke out in Paris. Charles
fled Paris. Attack on
the Hotel de Ville and the Battle on the Arcole Bridge in Paris on 28 July 1830. To calm the crowds, on 30 July, General Marquis de Lafayette,
commander of the National Guard, and other members of the Chamber of Deputies proclaimed the popular Louis-Philippe,
Duke of Chartres (1773 - 1850), of the Orleans branch of the Bourbons, and a cousin of Charles, the Lieutenant-General
of the Kingdom - lieutenant général du royaume - at the Paris
City Hall - Hotel de Ville. The deputies restored
the tri-colour flag (red, white and blue) - the flag of the Kingdom and Republic from 1790 to
1794 and the flag of the Republic and Empire from 1799 to 1815 - which Louis XVIII had replaced
with a
white flag in 1815. Lecture ŕ l'Hôtel de Ville de Paris de la Déclaration des Députés et de la Proclamation du Duc d'Orléans,
lieutenant général du Royaume (31 juillet 1830), par François Gérard en 1836. La
Fayette and Louis-Philippe appear on the balcony with the Tri-Colour. On 31 July, Louis-Philippe accepted the position, which implied the
assumption of the duties and responsibilities of head of state in the king's absence. Charles, King of France, abdicated on 2 August. Charles had two sons. The eldest
son was the Dauphin, Louis Antoine, Duke of Angouleme (1775 - 1844). The younger son, Charles
Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, was assassinated by a Bonapartist in 1820. After an argument with Charles,
Louis Antoine abdicated also, in favour of his ten-year-old nephew, Henri, Duke of Bordeaux (1820 - 1883).
Henri was the son of the late Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry. Charles asked Louis-Philippe,
as the Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, to inform the Chambers of his abdication and to proclaim Henri V King of France.
Louis-Philippe ordered
Charles to go into exile and asked Lafayette to compel him. Lafayette dispatched troops to enforce the order. On 3 August, Louis-Philippe informed the Chambers of the
abdications of Charles and the Dauphin, Louis Antoine. Charles, his son Louis
Antoine and his grandson Henri headed for exile in England. Crowds occupied public
buildings in Paris. Angry crowds surrounded the Chamber of Peers. On 6 August, Lafayette
assured the crowd the Chamber of Peers would be dissolved. The Chamber of Deputies modified the Charter of 1814, declared the throne
vacant and decreed Louis-Philippe should be king. On 7 August, deputies presented Louis-Philippe the Charter and invited him to accept the throne.
Louis-Philippe was sworn in and proclaimed King of the French in the Chamber of Deputies on 9 August 1830.
Le
roi Louis-Philippe Ier pręte serment, en présence des chambres, de maintenir la Charte de 1830, 9 aoűt 1830. Louis-Philippe takes the oath to uphold the constitution as King
of the French before the combined Chambers in the Palais Bourbon, their temporary meeting place, in
Paris on 9 August 1830. Painting by Eugene Deveria in 1836. Louis-Philippe takes the oath before the Chambers in the Palais Bourbon on 9 August 1830.
The July Monarchy Louis-Philippe, King of the of French (1830
- 1848), called the Citizen King, the Bourgeois Monarch, Portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter in 1841.
Maria Amelia (1782
- 1866), daughter of Ferdinand, King of Naples and King of Sicily, and Maria Carolina of Austria, married Louis Philippe,
Duke of Orleans, in Sicily in 1809. Thus, she was the Duchess of Orleans. She was Queen Consort of the French from 1830
to 1848. Louis-Philippe and Maria Amelia had six sons and four daughters, born
from 1810 to 1824. Supporters of Charles X, his son Louis Antoine and his grandson Henri were
called Legitimists. Supporters of King Louis-Philippe were called Orleanists. Many Legitimists did not recognise the abdication of Charles and
maintained that he was still the king. Others maintained that Louis Antoine was the king. Others were for Henri as king and
maintained his uncle Louis Antoine or his mother, Marie Caroline, the Duchess of Berry, was the regent. But Louis-Philippe was favoured by the people. Charles
X: Ancien Regime France 1815
- 1830 Part 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyD9EdnjM20 Assassinat du duc de Berry Au
cœur de l'histoire Franck Ferrand
(2012) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yp_tT-1DeM La duchesse de Berry et son incroyable équipée militaire ŕ travers la France Au cœur de l'histoire Franck
Ferrand https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztxWjBvfKtU Revolutions
1830 La
Liberté guidant le Peuple par Eugčne Delacroix, 1830 Delacroix
- Liberty leading
the people Discussion on the weekly BBC radio
programme In Our Time hosted by Melvyn Bragg 20 October 2011 http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b015zrrj or http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b015zrrj/In_Our_Time_Delacroixs_Liberty_Leading_the_People/ The Netherlands Before the French Revolution
of 1789, the Lowlands, or Netherlands, were divided into the United Provinces in the north, largely Dutch-speaking and Protestant,
and the Southern Netherlands, mostly French-speaking and Catholic, ruled by the Spanish as the Spanish Netherlands and then by the Hapsburgs as
the Austrian Netherlands and part of the Holy Roman Empire. In
1794, the French Republic ousted the Austrians and annexed the Southern Netherlands to France in 1795. The Northern
Netherlands, as the Batavian Republic, became a client state of France. Napoleon made
his younger brother, Louis, King of Holland, the northern Netherlands, in 1806, but dismissed him and annexed Holland
to France in 1810. Following the defeats of Napoleon in 1813, 1814 and 1815, the Northern and Southern
Netherlands were reunited eventually as the United Kingdom of the Netherlands under one king. Revolution
broke out in Brussels and spread to other cities in August 1830. A hastily assembled government in Brussels voted to secede
from the Netherlands and declared the independence of Belgium. In 1831, the government invited Leopold,
a German prince (and a Protestant), to be King of the Belgians and he was sworn in on 21 July 1831. In
1832, Leopold married Princess Louise of Orleans, daughter of Louis-Philippe, King of the French.
The
Mexican state of Texas from 1836 - 1845
Portrait of David
(Davey) Crockett (1786 - 1836) by Chester Harding (1792 - 1866)
The
Alamo
2004 movie
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arDP-SE5WIc&feature=relmfu Santa Ana at the
Alamo.
The troops of Santa Ana attack the Alamo, defended by Texan independence fighters.
The troops of Santa Ana, having overwhelmed the defenders at the walls of the Alamo, fight them inside the mission.
Remember
the Alamo!
Documentary about the Alamo by the producers of the 2004 movie
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaxJH_79ads&feature=relmfu
THE
COMPLETE STORY OF THE ALAMO
Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFXp3tgdKAY
The Legend of Davy Crockett
Walt Disney's Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier
1955 movie
(6 clips)
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0hU9Yctzro&feature=related
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AD0mA5h9FTQ&feature=relmfu
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPBkbwsfOOw&feature=relmfu
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jg1RmlfuawU&feature=relmfu
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ys0d1K_54Ec&feature=relmfu
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opxb5MXAlZA&feature=relmfu
Walt Disney's Davy Crockett at the
Alamo
Final part of the Davy Crockett trilogy on the TV show Disneyland (1955)
(4 clips)
1.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2_2F5raxFs
2.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePAsE0HF5mY&feature=relmfu
3.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZ3otoR7Mjg&feature=relmfu
4.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AuI2gmbBR80&feature=relmfu
The Fall of the Alamo
Episode
form the 1935 American radio program The Frontier Fighters
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jdmq-4wvbaw
----------------- France invades
Mexico
The Pastry War
Guerra de los pasteles
Guerre des Pâtisseries
November 1838 - March 1839
The
Battle for North America
Episode
3 of the documentary Mexico https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXUrarqmchE
------------ U. S. annexes Texas, 1845
Documentary with Oscar de la Hoya
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nE3srC_3c4&feature=relmfu
The
U. S. - Mexican War
1846 - 1848
Part 1.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MKwYjwc7Rk
Part 2.
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1819 - 1861); as Queen Victoria's husband, the Prince Consort
(1840 - 1861) Portrait by John Partridge in 1840
Queen Victoria's Empire 2001 PBS documentary with four episodes narrated by Donald Sutherland
An Empires Special Episode 1. Engines of Change https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ickSPXVIJVY Episode 2. Passage to India https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AExip3DeRNY Episode 3. The Moral Crusade https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwPRhoXn1cg Episode 4. The Scramble for Africa https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDMfytcO1Is
Victoria and
Albert Two-part 2001 documentary presented by Prince Michael of Kent
Part 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=roZhbBoHGm8 Part 2.
----------------
Revolutions 1848 In France, a financial crisis and failed harvests
in 1846, an economic depression in 1847, and a very restricted voter franchise
caused a growing opposition among French workers and the middle class who wanted reforms. An act
in 1835 outlawed political meetings. In 1847, Louis-Philippe prohibited political meetings
of democrats, liberals and republicans. From July 1847 to February 1848 thousands of political
opponents gathered at a series of 70 banquets in numerous cities to discuss electoral reform. On 28
December, Louis-Philippe declared his opposition to any reforms. The Prime Minister, Francois-Pierre
Guizot, banned a banquet planned in Paris for 14 January. On 22 February, Guizot,
anticipating confrontations in the streets of Paris, banned a big banquet planned for later in the day for George Washington's
birthday anniversary. Soldiers were posted at various points about the city. There
were barricades and demonstrations. Demonstrators threw rocks at soldiers outside the Foreign Ministry. The
king, Louis-Philippe, and Guizot called in the army and the National Guard. On 23 February,
National Guardsmen refused to assist the army, joined the demonstrators and petitioned the National Assembly for reform.
In the evening, the army killed and wounded
dozens of demonstrators outside the Foreign Ministry. Guizot
resigned on 24 February. Many soldiers of the army deserted and joined the demonstrators.
Louis-Philippe considered calling more troops before deciding not to send in the army. National
Guardsmen showed their disgust with political and economic conditions to the king as he reviewed the Guard. Louis-Philippe
returned to the Tuilleries, the royal residence, and abdicated in favour of his nine-year-old grandson, Philippe, Count
of Paris (1838 - 1894). A mob attacked the Tuilleries. Louis-Philippe immediately
left Paris, disguised as a civilian with the English name of Mr. Smith, for exile in England, where he lived as
the Count of Neuilly. The National Assembly planned to declare Louis-Philippe's grandson, Philippe,
the Count of Paris, king. Philippe was the eldest son of King Louis-Philippe's eldest
son, Prince Ferdinand Philippe, the Prince Royal, heir to the throne, Duke of Orleans, who
died in 1842. Philippe became the Prince Royal and heir to the throne upon his father's death. Princess Helene, accompanied by Duke of Nemours, went to the Chamber of Deputies to claim the throne for
her son and her right to the regency. A mob separated Prince Louis from Helene and Philippe. A huge
crowd invaded the Chamber of Deputies shouting 'Long live the Republic!' Princess Helene and her son, Philippe, the Count of
Paris, went into exile in Germany. Republicans Alphonse
de Lamartine and Alexandre Ledru-Rollin formed a provisional government with a prime minister (or president or chairman) and
Lamartine proclaimed the Second Republic from the Paris City Hall. On 26
February, the Chamber proclaimed the Second Republic, decreed freedom of the press and freedom of assembly, extended the voting
franchise to all men age 21, and called for parliamentary elections to be held in April. The Chamber became a 900-member National Assembly. Elections, held on 23 April, resulted in a National Assembly dominated by a conservative majority. The
provisional government abolished slavery in France and colonies on 27 April. The National Assembly dissolved the provisional government on 6 May and appointed a five-man commission,
which included Lamartine and Ledru-Rollin, as the executive government on 9 May. National legislative elections were
held on 4 June. Radicals and unemployed workers erected barricades in Paris in 23 June. On
24 June, the Assembly compelled the five-man executive commission to resign and appointed General Cavaignac, who won
a seat in the Assembly in the May elections and made Minister of War by the commission, Prime Minister (president) with all
powers necessary to put down the uprising. The National
Guard and the army clashed with protesters in Paris for three to four days, from 23 to 26 June, and thousands were killed,
including the Archbishop of Paris. Cavaignac retained his position
until presidential elections, the first held n France, on 10 December.
La révolution de 1848 Henri Guillemin (1:26:49) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUU_uSe04O8 La Colonne de Juillet - the July Column
- in the Place de la Bastille in Paris, was started in 1835 and inaugurated in 1840 to commemorate the July Revolution
of 1830. National revolutions in Europe 1848 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASGDTH5aUT0 1848: Year of Revolution
Discussion on the weekly Thursday BBC radio programme In
Our Time with Melvyn Bragg With Tim Blanning, Lucy Riall and Mike Rapport 19 January 2012
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bp36aDI36VY
Lied der Deutschen
Lyrics written by August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben
in 1841 to a melody composed by Josef Hayden in 1797 for the poem Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser by Lorenz Leopold
Haschka as a birthday anthem to the Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II of the House of Habsburg.
Gott
erhalte Franz, den Kaiser (Kaiserhymne)
with lyrics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=re2HbUi9jh4
or
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3p39ulIfnzc
without lyrics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VLgxwRbHLic
Das Lied der Deutschen (Das Deutschlandlied)
1841/1922
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pEsSn58Ph4
Deutschland,
Deutschland über alles, Wenn es stets zu Schutz und Trutze
Deutschland,
Deutschland über alles,
Deutsche
Frauen, deutsche Treue,
Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue,
Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit
Blüh' im Glanze dieses Glückes,
The
song was adopted by the German government as the national anthem in 1922.
Revolution
of 1848
On the Continent but why not in Britain?
Lecture
11 by John Merriman From the course European Civilization, 1648-1945 (HIST 202) Yale U. (2009) 1. The Nature of Revolution: Politicization of the Common Man
The 1848 Revolutions Lecture by Christopher Clark British
Museum 15 February 2019 (1:10:44) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=782P0YcOOOQ Bakunin
Russian, revolutionary, libertarian socialist, social and collectivist
anarchist, opposed Karl
Marx
----------------
María Eugenia Ignacia
Augustina de Palafox y Kirkpatrick, or Eugenie of Montijo, or Eugénie du Derje
de Montijo, Countess of Teba and Marquise of Ardales (1826 - 1920), married Louis Napoleon in Paris in 1853.
Photograph Photograph
Hymne officiel de l'Exposition universelle de 1867 ŕ Paris https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VayzVkE_ea4
-------------
Gold discovered at John Sutter's Mill
1847
California
Gold Rush
1849
Gold
discovered in California Johan Auguste
Suter (1803 - 1880), Swiss-German
settler in Mexico's province
of Alta California
The Gold Rush
John Sutter . . .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxekRM5-uMU
San
Francisco and the Gold Rush
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCsNB8NPOmY
The
California Gold Rush
1848 - 1852
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oi9i4agGmkw&feature=related
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6SSBZYY5BA&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL8766D1F46BB7C508
Sutter's
Mill
Song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vS8rLkNTP0Y&feature=related
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzJtv14Ieb4&feature=related
The
Gold Rush
Episode from the American Experience
documentary series (1:53:43)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TqY0MCc7Vro
Trail to Riches?
The California
Gold Rush and Settlement of the Pacific Northwest Documentary
(25:11) The
Gold Rush Documentary
(08:46) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxekRM5-uMU America's
Gold
Episode
about gold from the geological documentary series How the Earth was Made
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxwfRmzOnP0
The
California Gold Rush
Discussion
on the weekly BBC radio program In Our Time with Melvyn Bragg and his guests
2 April 2015 http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05nxgdd#auto
Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi
Crimean
War
October
1853 to March 1856
Russia
vs
France British Empire Ottoman Empire Sardinia
The Charge
of the Light Brigade in the Battle of Balaclava, 1854
Charge
of the Light Brigade
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAxA1ztEAQ0&feature=related
Charge of the Light Brigade
Alfred
Tennyson's poem with text
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzCOL6ewpPw
The Crimean War
A Clash of Empires
All three episodes of the dcoumentary series (2 hrs. 14 min.)
The 3 episodes
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pqik0WDMDco
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ro_HZC5oYqc&feature=related
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVas2Ax5UG0&feature=related
--------------
Invention
of sound recording
France
1860
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBL7V3zGMUA&feature=related
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znKNQXo58pE&feature=related
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5OYqOiHtpz8&feature=related
--------------------------
The first fax machine
1863
Pantelegraph
(1863)
Giovanni Caselli transmits
images between Paris and Lyon with his pantelegraph in 1863
Examples of images transmitted
by pantelegraph (ca. 1860)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
_orthographic_projection.svg)
Alphonse de Lamartine rejects the suggestion of adopting
the red flag in place of the tri-colour. Paris City Hall on 25 February 1848. Some workers wanted the red flag. Painting by
