18. Turks, Crusaders, Mongols, Moors, Explorers and Conquistadors
18 b. Moors, Explorers, Conquistadors
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18. Turks, Crusaders, Mongols, Moors, Explorers and Conquistadors 18 b. Moors, Explorers, Conquistadors |
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Continued from previous page, 18 a. Spain and Islam Cities of Light The Rise and Fall of Islamic Spain PBS
documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXrPNq8pE5E or, the same: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLg3FtxuOWk or, the same: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mzGMxJsAFY or, the same: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGJpPOwMWJY When
the Moors ruled Europe Documentary
with Bettany Hughes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_Xnc8ijkrA or,
the same: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PM8HnvuKbAo The same, uploaded as Al-Andalus - History of Islam in Spain https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtCj0NvhYyI&feature=related Muslim Spain Discussion with Melvyn Bragg on In Our Time, BBC
weekly radio program, November 21, 2002 The Fall of Granada,
1492 The Alhambra in Granada, Spain ----------------- The Turks and Islam Oghuz Turks Seljuk Turks Timeline:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9GNZp-1jsA Ottoman Turks 1299 - 1922 The Ottoman Empire reached its greatest extent in 1683 Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire Chronology over a map https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0knRNKaXKzc&feature=related The
Ottomans Part
3 of the documentary series Islam: Empire of Faith https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iI7Qkcyz3tM&feature=related The Ottoman Empire The War Machine BBC documentary 173 min. (2 hrs. 53 min.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CTOOhygLSLA or shorter uploads: 91 min.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpPGxJT9qQI or
91 min.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIBO-meEtC8 Siege and
Sack of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks The Fall
of Byzantium 1453 Ottoman Siege of Constantinople, 1453 Ottoman Turks capture
Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire in 1453 The Siege of Constantinople Episode from the documentary series History's Turning Points (24:31) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFUU1hd1XLQ Constantinople Siege and Fall Discussion of the weekly BBC radio programme
In Our Time hosted by Melvyn Bragg 20 December 2006 http://www.bbc.co.uk/inourtimeprototype/episode/p0038xbd or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C11LZ0Yt3kk or http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/ioth/all#playepisode61 Constantinople
falls to the Ottoman Turks Documentary A
blogger's tribute to the last Byzantine Emperor, Constantine XI Palaiologos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8VFOiykR-0&feature=related Rise and Fall of the Three
Romes Lecture by Glenn Bowersock on the rise and fall
of Rome, Constantinople and Moscow, 2006 (Removed from You Tube) Suleiman the Magnificent 1494-7 - 1566 Islamic History of Europe
BBC documentary The Ottoman-Mamluk War of 1516-1517 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8tW9z3X9nc Battle
of Marj-Dabiq 1516 The Ottoman
victory over the Mameluks at Marj-Dabiq gave the Ottomans all of Syria and opened the way for the Ottoman conquest
of the Middle East. The Battle of
Lepanto 1571 Ottoman Turks checked in the Mediterranean The
Battle of Lepanto In
Our Time BBC Melvyn Bragg with Diarmaid MacCulloch, Kate Fleet and Noel
Malcolm Discussion On You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g14TQksvQ_4 Paradise Found Islamic
Architecture and Arts Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MYz9d2rt8_o&feature=relmfu Spanish
Inquisition 1478 - 1808 History Channel documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFL2vvK63dg (Removed
from You Tube) see: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwWXEV7MHgc or, the same: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDmhIa4zjgs
The Spanish Inquisition Discussion on the weekly BBC radio programme In Our Time
hosted by Melvyn Bragg 22 June 2006 Torquemada 1482 - 1498 Map
of Spanish and Portuguese explorations The Great Age of Exploration United
Learning documentary about European exploration in the 1400s and 1500s (30 min.) - Trade with the Far East Muslims, Genoa and Venice
(1200s – 1400s) Henry
the Navigator (1394 - 1460), Bartoleo Dias (1450 - 1500), Vasco da Gama (1460 - 1524) The Voyages of Columbus (1492 – 1502) The New World - Amerigo Vespucci (1454 -
1512) The
First Voyage around the World (1519 – 1522) - Ferdinand Magellan (1480 - 1522) The Conquests of Mexico (1519 – 1521) and Peru (1532
– 1572) -
Hernan Cortez and the Aztecs; Francisco Pizzaro and the Incas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVD6f20OG9w or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVGFX7DJiWc ---------------- 1492 Cristobal Colon Portrait of Cristobal Colon painted posthumously
by Sebastiano del Piombo (1485 –
1547) Map of the four voyages of Columbus (1492 - 1502) Source:
Encyclopædia Britannica (Kids) Columbus
sails on his voyage with three ships - La Nina, La Pinta and La Santa Maria (1492)
The landing of Cristobal Colon on Guanahani Island
(Bahamas) in 1492 by Spanish painter José Garnelo y Alda (1866 - 1944) Christopher
Columbus Documentary from the A&E Biography series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4ON19woHvU The
four voyages of Columbus to the New World (1492 - 1504) The
four voyages of Columbus to the New World (1492 - 1504) The
four voyages of Columbus to the New World (1492 - 1504) Episode
4 of the documentary series The Great Adventures https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRMl8hmHKIw
Line
of Demarcation The Line of Demarcation
drawn by Pope Alexander VI in 1493 and revised in the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. Spain would have all land
west of the line and Portugal would have all land to the east of it. Portugal got Asia, Africa,
the Atlantic and a large part of eastern South America - Brazil. Spain got the rest of South America,
North America and the Pacific. The Treaty of Tordesillas Lecture https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ojza_Zbsy3k Le traité de Tordesillas
1494 Le
partage du monde Carte animée https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DKs3VcSdXP8 Exploration
of the New World by the Spanish, French, British and Dutch John Cabot Giovanni
Caboto (1450 - 1500), of Genoa and/or Venice, rediscovered North America in 1497 and 1498 Cabot
sailed to Northern North America José Veloso Salgado
Cabral Statue
of Pedro Álvares Cabral (c. 1467/1468 – c. 1520), Portuguese explorer and discoverer of Brazil, on the site of his burial in the São
João
Evangelista chapel of the Convento da Graįa in Santarém, Blue line marks the voyage of Vasco da Gama to India in 1497 Red line marks the
boyage of Pedro Álvares Cabral to South America and India in 1500 Pedro Álvares Cabral sights the Brazilian coast on 22 April 1500. Painting by Aurélio de Figueiredo (1856
- 1916). Cabral sighted a mountain
and landed on the southern coast of Bahia at a point that later became Porto Seguro. Cabral believed he had landed on a large
island between Portugal and the Spice Islands (East Indies). He named it Ilha de Vera Cruz, or Island of the True Cross. Cabral celebrated
Easter Sunday mass and called the mountain Monte Pascoal, or Easter Mountain. This mountain is near Itamaraju. O Descobrimento do Brasil Filme de Humberto
Mauro (1936) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKI4miH0lkI Landing of
Pedro Álvares Cabral in Porto Seguro in 1500. The natives who met Cabral were actually naked. Some of the women painted
their bodies. Painting (1922) by Oscar Pereira da Silva (1865 - 1939) The
Cantino planisphere of the known
world in 1502 by an unknown Portuguese cartographer. The map shows the Americas
(thought to be large islands), Africa and India; the Tordesillas
Treaty line; and the voyages of Pedro Álvares Cabral to Brazil.
(Biblioteca Universitaria Estense, Modena, Italy) Portrait by unknown painter in 1500s or 1600s of Fernão de Magalhães (1480 - 1521), Portuguese explorer, led Spanish expedition to the
East Indies from 1519 to 1522; sailed
round Cape Horn to the Pacific; claimed
the Philippines for Spain in 1521; Map
of the first world circumnavigation
of Ferdinand de Magellan and
Juan Sebastián Elcano, from
1519 to 1522 Source: Magellan_Elcano_Circumnavigation-fr.svg: Sémhur Magellan's expedition circumnavigates the world Episode from the BBC documentary
series Voyages of Discovery (2006) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YekhQkO6n0Y Over
the Edge of the World Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe Lecture by Laurence Bergreen at the Cambridge Forum https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrXD4gJvKVo 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1SgbIyrbo 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iODCX2ybqQs 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sL6dolBWig 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LspiJV3uJKg 6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSBP7EZdumo 7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTo0QnbjY9U 8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFQKuU1xYv8 9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fsV8OgtKvM 10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VphFFnuR_Vo 11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KM2VmsPaHu0 12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBJOE4NOAro (Death of Magellan) 13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3d3G33Rzxc The Treaty of Saragossa in 1529 gave the Pacific to Spain and the rest
to Portugal. From 1415, Portugal
established trading posts, enclaves and colonies in the Americas (Brazil), Africa (Ceuta, the Gold Coast), India (Goa, Chittagong)
and Ceylon, the Southeast Asian mainland (Ayuttaya, Malacca), the East Indies (Timor, Papua), the China coast (Macau) and
Japan (Nagasaki). or or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnNXbm9MGN0 ------------------- The New World Part 1 of the
U. S. I. S. documentary film series Scenes from American History (1953) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJoGcmYl8qk or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5cR0FJm0lM ------------------------ Empire in the Pre-Industrial World A
lecture by Richard Evans at Gresham College Uploaded in 2011 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0KYI8DQQb0 -------------- The
Spanish Empire Rise and Fall of the Spanish Empire The Rise and Fall of the Spanish Empire Animated map from 1500 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoSmrhJL8ac History of the Spanish Empire Short history https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lviEHJbjlpY&feature=related A word about the facts and myths of
the Spanish Conquest of the Americas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_U-19v-WC9Y&feature=related The Conquistadors Cortes Hernan Cortez (1485 - 1547) 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YzZaLPxsig 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opqP8o_uGR0&feature=relmfu 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ghWuFdgkHI&feature=relmfu 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQpWUnVCv18&feature=relmfu 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2r1RbCS5jpg&feature=relmfu 6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhGRS4oWoWw&feature=relmfu Conquistadors Hernan Cortez and the Fall of the Aztecs Part 1 of the four-part 2000 BBC documentary series
Conquistadors with Michael Wood https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ukcQlC-UaE&feature=related or Aztecs Episode from the documentary series Ancient Warriors https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNEHSlhlJl0&feature=relmfu Aztecs Documentary with Peter Weller from the series Engineering
an Empire https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2hTXM3XJes&feature=related Pizarro Francisco Pizarro
(1471 - 1541) Francisco
Pizarro and the conquest of the Incas Part 2 of the four-part BBC 2000 documentary
series Conquistadors with Michael Wood https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFvBNWygyfo&feature=relmfu Great Inca Rebellion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-3_6R8xUkA&feature=relmfu The Search for El Dorado Part 3 of the four-part 2000 documentary series Conquistadors with Michael Wood https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74KwVX_CIt8&feature=relmfu All the World
is Human Part of the four-part 2000 BBC documentary series Conquistadors with Michael
Wood https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1c8NbHMZxQ&feature=relmfu The Inca 1533 Discussion on the BBC weekly
radio programme In Our Time hosted by Melvyn Bragg 13 June 2019 With guests Frank Meddens,
Helen Cowie and Bill Sillar https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0005t68 -------------- Spain and Portugal in the Age of Discovery 1550 The African Slave Trade
Lecture 16. 17 February 2012 -
Continuation of the discussion of Mahmud of Ghazni (ruled 998 - 1030), and
the politics of conquest; - Sind and Multan (in
today's Pakistan) - the account of India by Alberuni, geographer
and historian in the court of Mahmud of Ghazni, was the most comprehensive up to that time - Later Muslim accounts in the 1200s and 1300s were exaggerated - Mahmud of Ghazni was a pillager rather than a conqueror -
His treatment of the Shia ruler of Multan was the same as his treatment of defeated Hindu rulers - Mahmud invades north India in 1008; invades close to Delhi in 1012; plunders Mathura
in the heartland of India in 1018 Photo of the ruins of Somnath in 1869 - Mahmud of Ghazni's pillage of the temple of Somnath (in Gujarat) (1024) -
Rhetorical exaggeration of Muslim accounts of Indian conquests; -
the fabulous riches of Indian temples, as. for example, the Meenakshi
temple complex at Madurai. - Muhammad of Ghori (Afghansutan) conquers
Multan in 1175 - Prithviraj
Chauhan, the last great Hindu ruler, defeated by Muhammad of Ghori in two major battles at Tarain in northwestern India
in 1191 and 1192. - emergence of the Delhi Sultanate (1206); its principal features. -
Importance of Delhi henceforth; -
reign of Razia Sultan, Sultan of Delhi (1236 - 1240) and the
assessment of Elphinstone. - Succession of
the Khaljis/Khiljis (Muslim dynasty, 1290 and 1320) - importance of Allaudin Khilji (1296 to 1316); -
Allaudin Khilji repulsed Mongol invasions of India by defeating the Mongols in the battles of Jalandhar (1298), Kili
(1299), Amroha (1305) and Ravi (1306). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHaWJLG-mEs Lecture 18 22 February 2012 - Concluding remarks about the Delhi Sultanate, especially Allauddin Khilji; -
reforms initiated by Khilji; - imposition of the poll
tax or jizyas; - succession of the Lodis. -
In South India, the ascendancy of the Cholas, political empires in south India; - Bahmani Sultanate in south India; -
Vijaynagar and the reign of Krishna Deva-Raya; -
the coming of the Portuguese, and the - interpretations of
K. M. Panikkar. - the significance of
the coming of the Europeans; - Vasco da Gama and the
interaction with the Zamorin; - and the death of Krishna
Devaraya in 1529. - the bhakti movement
and the development of Indian languages. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oa3_Obb5yOk Lecture 19 24 February 2012 - Principal characteristics of the bhakti movement; the
text called "Bhagavata Purana". -
Development of Indian languages. - A few major bhaktas:
Kabir, Chaitanya, Tulsidas, Mirabai, Jnaneshvar -- nirguna (without form) and saguna (with form) poets. -
Guru Nanak and the founding of Sikhism. Early life of Nanak; some practices instituted by
him, such as the langar. - The miraculous in religion. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4zvFDXR7hI Lec 20 27
February 2012 - Concluding remarks about the Bhakti
movement; emergence of the Mughal Empire (from 1526 onwards); -
some remarks about Guru Nanak, Mirabai, and Tukaram; and the milieu in which bhakti flourished. Low
class origins of many bhaktas (devotees). -
The modes of resistance pursued by women; brief insights from 12th-14th century
European history. -
the origins and impact of the Mughal empire. -
Defeat of Ibrahim Lodi by Babur on 19 April 1526. -
What were the pillars of Mughal rule? -
the Mughal-Rajput alliance; the cult of the emperor;
-
absorption of the enemy; system of forts; mansabdari
system; the practice of darsan; - Indianization of the Mughals. -
Succession among the Mughals. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SocsbUSdx4I Lecture
21 1 March 2012 - The Mughals in India – from Humayun onwards, but with special attention
to Akbar, 1556 - 1605. - Some characteristics of Akbar's rule and his personality; his religious ecumenism
and the Din-e-ilahi. - Criticism of Akbar by the Muslim clergy; succeeded by Shah Jahan. - the Sikh
faith after the death of the Sikh Gurus; Guru Arjun Dev;
Guru
Gobind Singh; martyrdom of some Sikh Gurus (for example, Guru Tegh Bahadur) at the hands of Mughal Emperors; the shaping of the Guru Granth Sahib and the formation of the Khalsa (brotherhood of the pure): role of the Panj
Pyare (the five beloved) and the symbols of the faith. -
the end to the Mughals; architectural legacy of Shah Jahan, the Taj Mahal and the homage to Mumtah Mahal. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SXSL230PRE Lec 22 1
March 2013 -
Powerpoint presentation on Indian art and architecture - the Qutab Minar the establishment of the
Red Fort; and some images of Hindu temples (Vijayanagar,
Hampi), sacred sites, and bhaktas (devotees of God); the
significance of the Red Fort in Delhi and the reterritorialization of the Red Fort; Diwan-i-Am
and Diwan-i-Khas; hunting
as a royal pastime; Golden
Temple (Amritsar). some discussion of Tulsidas
and the Ramacaritmanas; the decline of the Mughal
Empire, and the expensive campaigns of Aurangzeb; regulations
imposed under Aurangzeb; the imposition of Jizya;
the attempt to secure the surplus created by the peasants. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_oDKEUGLr0 Lec 23 5 March 2013 - Further thoughts about Aurangzeb; the
death of Aurangzeb and the fragmentation of the Mughal Empire; the
resistance to Aurangzeb from Shivaji, leader of the Marathas. -
the coming of the British, and the East India Company's activities in India; growth
of the Company. Significance of the coming
of the Europeans to India. What enabled the British
to rule India for that long? What were their claims? Theory of Oriental Despotism; direct and indirect line; and so on. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cviIwqLTFMY 7 March 2013 History
of the East India Company to 1757 -
and then post-1757: Battle
of Plassey; Mir Jafar, Clive, Mir Kasam, and Siraj-ud-daulah; the
plunder of Bengal and scenes from the film, 'Clive of India' (1935); https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlLUquQYWlY or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqnDBRTOCGE Warren
Hastings and the expansion of British rule in India; the
defeat of Tipu Sultan; the
British rhetoric of 'improvement', the elimination of Sati, and Macaulay's minute of 2 February 1835; the Permanent Settlement under Cornwallis; some notes on the Marathas, on Ranjit Singh and the annexation of the Punjab; theories of British governance in India, and Utilitarianism; the
migrations overseas of Indian indentured laborers; under-development
and de-industrialization of India under colonial rule; the
material and moral 'improvement' of the Indians. India's
sharp decline of the share of the world's GDP, 1750-1860. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3_K5nyaCtw Lec 25 9 March 2012 Some comments on Indian indentured migration to the
Caribbean, Mauritius, South Africa, and elsewhere; the Opium Trade, and the triangular relationship of Britain, China, and India;
the Opium Wars;
policies of annexation
and the doctrine of lapse; the annexation of Awadh; reasons for the rebellion of 1857-58, and its brief history; brutal repression of the rebellion; end of Company
rule, and India as a Crown Colony; emergence of Indian nationalism and the founding of the Indian National Congress
in 1885; Ganapati festival, and its politicization; nationalist leaders such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak; the Swadeshi Movement
in Bengal; the partition of Bengal in 1905. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BhVlaZWe8HQ Lec 26 12 March 2012 Concluding lecture Mohandas ("Mahatma") Gandhi and the emergence of the masses;
brief biography of Gandhi; his stay in South Africa, and the idea of satyagraha: truth (satya)
and force (graha) mass non-violent resistance; Amritsar massacre nationalist movement the non-cooperation movement of 1920
- 1922 and the Salt Satyagraha of 1930; Quit India movement of 1942; growing rifts between Muslims and Hindus, and the phenomenon
of 'communalism'; the
growth of the Muslim League, and the role of Jinnah; partition, the independence of India, and the creation
of Pakistan; the assassination of Gandhi in January 1948. Some reflections on the long trajectory of Indian history, the
difference between a nation-state and a civilisation, and the teachings of the Buddha giving us the injunction
to be a light unto oneself and others. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZLa3sXr3qY ------------------------------
Continue to next page, 19. Reformation, Enlightenment (1300s -1700s)
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